![]() Josh, Josh’s brother, was the first to locate John. ![]() All John could do while trapped more than 100 feet underground and in the cave’s depths was wait and pray. He was squeezed into a space only ten by 18 inches wide.Įxcept that it wasn’t a complete circle and he was confined to the narrowest area of the entrance, this size is comparable to the opening of a front-loading washing machine. In addition, he could not turn back on his own because he had wriggled into a crevice that virtually descended straight down. In any event, John persisted until he was unable to go on. The end of Ed’s Push features four undiscovered tunnels, but they are all too narrow for a person to pass through (instead, if he pushed into the Scout Eater, it has a similar-sized route that only goes up). At least nowhere a 6-foot-2, 200-pound man can fit it leads nowhere. Contradictory information on the internet makes it difficult to determine whether John entered the Birth Canal, turned unintentionally, and wriggled into the Scout Eater, or if he completely missed it and entered Ed’s Push, a corridor right next to the Birth Canal.Įd’s Push no longer opens up to a bigger room. John moved ahead with assurance, possibly realizing the tunnel grew larger at the bottom, but it was already too late.įifty feet earlier, everything went wrong. He moved a little more, but the tight space didn’t widen instead, it took a sudden downward curve. The first to move was John, who wriggled ahead for a while but failed to notice any wider area. The Big Slide, the cave’s largest room, had been explored by the group.Īs time passed, John, Josh, and two of their pals decided to attempt a challenge they had heard about: traversing the Birth Canal, a complex corridor that finally leads to a larger room. on Wednesday, a few days before Thanksgiving.īy caving standards, it was a sizable group that ultimately entered the Nutty Putty Cave since others joined them: nine additional friends and acquaintances had joined them.įor over an hour, everything went without a hitch. The brothers’ John and Josh, decided to rediscover their love for caving on Novemand chose Nutty Putty Cave as their next adventure. John had just become a father, was pursuing his pediatric cardiology training, and his wife was expecting their second child at the time of the accident. John’s brother, Josh, found him in that position, and tried pulling him out, but with no success.John was a devoted Christian who was known for his “good nature, a delightful sense of humor, strong work ethic, a genuine love of people, a mastery of the ability to relate to children, a love of and unwavering faith in the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and his commitment to his family as an amazing husband, father, son, and brother,” according to a statement made by his family after his death. He couldn’t get himself out, and his arms were pinned to his body. John crawled into the wrong area, which resulted in him getting stuck upside down in a hole which was 10 inches across and 18 inches high. John found a part of the cave which he thought to be that area, and he wiggled and pushed himself to that area, only realizing he made a big mistake. As John and his family explored the many areas of the cave, his brother and a few others challenged John to find an entrance to one of the areas in the cave, named The Birth Canal, which was incredibly narrow and difficult to move around. John’s wife wasn’t able to come along with them, due to being pregnant at the time and having to take care of their one year-old daughter. This was a few days before thanksgiving, and John wanted to have some fun with his family. But, it’s also a very narrow and tight cave, and some areas cannot be easily accessed, only being able to if a person is incredibly thin. John hadn’t been cave-exploring for a while, and Nutty Putty was described as a great cave for beginners. He also volunteered to act as a trapped victim for Utah’s Cave Rescue, which was founded by his father.Īt around 8PM on November 24, 2009, John and a group of 8 people ventured off to a popular cave destination called Nutty Putty Cave, located in Utah County. John Jones grew up in a family consisting of 5 brothers and 2 sisters, and during his early life, he and his siblings would go and venture off to many of Utah’s caves, small and big. ![]() John Edward Jones (JanuNovember 25, 2009), was a 26 year-old man who got stuck and subsequently died in a freak accident in Nutty Putty Cave, located at Utah County, Utah.
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![]() The scale of the reticle maintains the same size appearance. ![]() XBR-2 reticle designed explicitly for crossbows with holdover points out to 100 yards. Its wide FOV makes it perfect for different shooting situations. The magnification and FPS on the magnifier ring keep the scope compatible with various bows and setups. The O-ring sealed and nitrogen-less coated scope provides reliable waterproof and fog-proof performance in all climatic conditions. Vortex is a well-known brand for making optical products like scope, rangefinder. ![]() Vortex Optics Crossfire II Crossbow Scope (XBR-2 Reticle)Ĭheck Price on Amazon Vortex Crossfire II Specifications Which are the 10 Best Crossbow Scopes In 2023? 1. The crossbow scopes improve accuracy at all ranges, arrow placement, and elevation estimation.īelow is the list of 10 Best Crossbow Scopes, a comparison chart, and a buying guide.Ĭomparison Chart for Top 10 Crossbow Scopes Scope If you use standard sights that came with your crossbow, you” ll not get the optimum performance from your bow. A good scope can improve your field of view, reduce glare from stray light, ensure improved vision in night or low light conditions, and help eye relief. Most hunters can agree that it is difficult to make accurate shots at seemingly short ranges. When looking to purchase your hunting gear, everyone knows how pivotal it is to invest in the good quality essential items, such as the best crossbows or quality broadheads. Some Important Terms Related To Crossbow Scope.How to Choose the Best Crossbow Scope?.Hawke Sport Optics 12221 XB1 Crossbow Scope Vortex Optics Crossfire II Crossbow Scope (XBR-2 Reticle) Which are the 10 Best Crossbow Scopes In 2023?. For example, 2022 will be the year of Tiger, which is from Feb. A zodiac year is from the first day to the last day of a lunar year, starting/ending at some point in January/February of the Gregorian calendar. If you are looking for a reliable prediction based on scientific evidences, you can send your scan to our experts. The Chinese zodiac year is (popularly) based on the lunar calendar. The result is a prediction about whether you'll be having a baby boy or a baby girl. It lasts from Januto Februin Gregorian calendar. A Chinese gender predictor chart guesses baby's sex by taking the mother's birth date and the estimated date of conception or the baby's due date, then converting the numbers into the mom's lunar age when she got pregnant and the lunar date of conception. Many websites will tell you that some methods like Chinese Calendar or Ramzi theory are accurate even if there is no proof at all !Īt Babygram, the only methods we trust to determine baby's sex with an utltrasound is the Nub Theory and our Image recognition algorithm. Chinese Lunar Calendar 2023 According to Chinese calendar, 2023 is Gui Mao Year. We know how difficult it is to find reliable information on gender prediction on the internet. This just means that this method is not better than a coin toss ! So use it for fun if you like but don't rely on it ! In both cases, the conclusion is clear: there is no correlation between gender predicted using the Chinese lunar calendar and actual gender at birth. An other study in 2009 even examined 38,394 births at Massachusetts General Hospital between 19. For example, a study from 2003 analyzed 1,005 births in a private hospital in Dallas, Texas. The accuracy of the Chinese Calendar predictor has been evaluated by scientific studies. Predict Baby Gender Is the Chinese Gender Chart Predictor accurate ? This tool works for year 2023, for year 2024 and for any year in the past ! We just need the birth date of the mother and the conception date. Looking for an easy way to know the result? Just use our automated predictor below. If you get an odd number, it is a baby boy and if you get an even number, it is a baby girl. When you have these two values, all you need to do is to compute the formula (49 + Lunar Month - Lunar Age at the time of conception). ![]() ![]() The chinese calendar predictor method use two values: the "Lunar age" of the mother when she got pregnant and the Chinese Lunar Month of conception. The calcultation to know if the the baby is a boy or a girl are said to be based on traditionnal Chinese beliefs like Yin-Yang, Five Elements, Eight Diagrams and time. According to the legend, the Chinese Gender Calendar was buried in the royal tomb of an imperial family and was discovered more than 700 years ago. ![]() Try our amazing Chinese Calendar Gender Predictor 20 ! How to use the Chinese Gender Predictor ?īack in ancient China, many people used a lengendary Gender Chart to predict and select baby’s gender. 2023 days off 2024 days off 2025 days off New Years Day: Jan. This program is designed to help re-define and educate motorists as to what a tune-up should consist of on today's modern vehicles. Things that were once handled mechanically are now controlled electronically through the widespread use of onboard computer technology.īecause vehicles have changed so much over the years, the Car Care Council has introduced the 21st Century Tune-up. Highly sophisticated ignition and fuel systems are now the norm, using one or more onboard computers to control critical engine and transmission management functions. ![]() This eliminated the need for the replacement and adjustment of a growing number of ignition and fuel system parts.Īs the pace of technology quickened, the procedures required to perform a traditional tune-up changed dramatically. ![]() Mounting pressure for increased fuel economy and lower emissions drove the car manufacturers to adopt electronics and to do away with ignition points in the '70s, along with the carburetor in the middle '80s. The tune-up was historically associated with the routine replacement of key ignition system parts like spark plugs and ignition points, along with some basic adjustments to help "tune" the engine. The classic "tune-up" was once the heart of the automotive business and contrary to some beliefs today's modern vehicles still need tune-ups to keep them performing at the most efficient levels. One of the biggest changes in today's automotive industry is the perception of a "tune-up." Ask 10 vehicle owners their definition of a tune-up and chances are there'll be 10 different answers. 51 | 3101 E Michigan Ave Jackson, MI 49202 GENERAL MAINTENANCE ![]() In all likelihood, the iceberg that sank the Titanic didn't even endure to the outbreak of World War I, a lost splash of freshwater mixed in imperceptibly with the rest of the North Atlantic. That means it likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913. ![]() ![]() The average life expectancy of an iceberg in the North Atlantic is only about two to three years from calving to melting. Three interwoven stories of teenage silence in a winter river as it flows by a small city. The largest ocean liner in service at the time, Titanic had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg. RMS Titanic sank in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Such a temperature was of course lethally cold for all those passengers who had been forced to take to the open water to escape the sinking ship.īut such temperatures are far too warm to sustain icebergs for very long. With Carolina Morocho, Jesús Nieto, Víctor García, Juanma Sevillano. / 41.72556N 49.94694W / 41.72556 -49.94694. The water temperature on the night of the Titanic sinking was thought to be about 28 degrees Fahrenheit, just below freezing. From there, the history of the Titanic is well-known, including the ship striking an iceberg and sinking. 15, 1912, the iceberg was some 5,000 miles south of the Arctic Circle. Of the 15,000 to 30,000 icebergs calved each years by the Greenland glaciers, probably only about 1 percent of them ever make it all the way to the Atlantic. The Titanic iceberg was one of the lucky ones, so to speak, as the vast, vast majority of icebergs melt long before they reach that far south. Iceberg es una película dirigida por Gabriel Velázquez con Juanma Sevillano, Carolina Morocho, Jesús Nieto, Víctor García. Starting on the Greenland coast, it would have moved from Baffin Bay to the Davis Strait and then onto the Labrador Sea and, at last, the Atlantic. We know that because the Titanic sank in the North Atlantic, rather than the Arctic, which means the currents must have taken it far south of where it was calved. Image: Russell Huff and Konrad Steffen/CIRES/University of Colorado/NASAīut once all that's done, the iceberg's life was a short one. ![]() They also seek economic damages, such as payment for medical bills that resulted from the misdiagnosis. ![]() The amount would be determined in court, but it’s more than $25,000 for each of the three counts, according to the lawsuit. and her husband seek damages and compensation. to have “severe and chronic insomnia, anxiety, fear of doctors and severe headaches” and her husband to have insomnia and anxiety. Ryan Cole and Cole Diagnostics of negligent infliction of emotional distress - specifically, “severe mental suffering” that caused J.B. The lawsuit also alleges Cole Diagnostics is liable for Cole’s actions. The lawsuit accuses Cole of negligence, calling his conduct “reckless and outrageous … constituting an extreme deviation from reasonable standards of conduct” with “an understanding of, or disregard for, its likely consequences.” And because of the misdiagnosis, her medical records flagged her as a “cancer survivor.” That altered how doctors approached things like breast cancer screenings - ordering a biopsy to confirm that a benign spot on her mammogram wasn’t cancer, for example, her husband said. They have “good insurance” but still had large out-of-pocket costs from the surgery, her husband said. There are lingering effects, the couple said. She had “internal trauma and a lot of pain,” her husband said. essentially lived on the second floor because it was too painful to walk up and down stairs, she said. Their bedroom is on the second floor of their home, so J.B. at least six weeks to heal from the immediate physical impact of surgery, they said. The erroneous cancer diagnosis caused (the couple) substantial emotional trauma in believing that (she) had cancer and then in being told that she did not have cancer.” “The erroneous diagnosis of cancer caused (her) to undergo an unnecessary surgery and the resultant pain and suffering from such surgery. 30, 2021, “that the final pathology on the tissue samples showed that (she) never had cancer,” the lawsuit says. and her husband were told by the surgeon’s office on Aug. ![]() The surgeon asked to get the biopsy tissue samples back from Cole’s laboratory in early August, three of the hospital’s pathologists determined that biopsy, too, showed no sign of cancer, the lawsuit says. Three pathologists at the hospital examined the organs and tissue as they were removed and saw no cancer. She chose surgery and, on July 26, 2021, the doctor performed surgery to remove her uterus, remove both of her ovaries and fallopian tubes, and tissue and lymph nodes in her abdomen, the lawsuit says. Perez discussed various treatment options with (J.B.) including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery,” the lawsuit says. Luke’s Health System gynecologic oncologist on July 20, 2021. “And then just to find out, after that radical, extensive procedure, that there’s really no cancer whatsoever.”Īccording to the lawsuit, J.B. “I can’t even imagine receiving that kind of a diagnosis from someone, and then spending that period of time wondering - or knowing, or believing - that you had a very serious cancer,” said Eric Rossman of Rossman Law Group, one of two Boise law firms representing J.B. The surgeon removed her reproductive organs and surrounding abdominal tissue. ‘Internal trauma and a lot of pain’Īfter the diagnosis from Cole, J.B.’s nurse practitioner read it and immediately referred her to physicians who specialize in cancer and gynecologic cancers. Cole has yet to publicly share data to back up his claim. When did we start shots? January? How much solid-tumor cancer increase are we going to see over the next several years? Probably a lot.”Ĭole became medical director of America’s Frontline Doctors - an organization that opposes COVID-19 vaccines - in July 2021, the month he gave that presentation, according to his resume. “I have seen a 10- to 20-fold increase of uterine cancer in the last six months in my laboratory,” Cole said at a meeting of America’s Frontline Doctors in San Antonio, Texas, about two weeks after he misdiagnosed J.B. There is evidence that they lower a person’s risk of severe illness, death and chronic health issues after a COVID-19 infection. ![]() There is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines can raise, or lower, a person’s risk of cancer. The stones we offer exclusively represent the top 1% percent of GIA-certified lab-grown diamonds available on the market. But don’t worry, when you shop with Jean Dousset, you don’t have to stress about the quality of your diamond. The thought of having to identify a high-quality radiant cut diamond on your own probably sounds nerve wracking, and understandably so. For instance, poorly cut diamonds may not have centered culets (which is, in simple terms, the tiny, pointed bottom part of a diamond) or sides that aren’t quite symmetrical. According to the GIA, the leading international authority on diamond grading, fancy shape diamonds can yield a variety of proportion combinations. With all that said, as with every diamond cut, there are generally certain characteristics to consider when shopping for radiant cut stones. ![]() On the other hand, radiant cut diamonds are also available in more elongated, rectangular shapes, which provide plenty of finger coverage. You may opt for a more square-shaped radiant cut diamond (which, due to the shallow nature of the cut, appears larger than another “square” style, such as a cushion cut). ![]() Moreover, radiant cuts are available in a variety of ratios. For instance, unlike the emerald cut, which demands a diamond to have exceptional clarity, the intricate shape of a radiant cut diamond allows for inclusions (which are imperfections that occur naturally in diamonds) to be less noticeable. What are the pros and cons of a radiant cut engagement ring?Īside from their stylish and unique character, there’s another benefit to choosing a radiant cut diamond. Unlike oval cuts, which have been trending for the last half-decade, radiant cut diamonds are just now earning their spot in the trend forecast-so not only are they likely to remain in style for years to come but they are still a unique choice for new brides, too.Įxplore Jean Dousset’s radiant cut diamond engagement rings. In this sense, the radiant cut is perfect for trendsetters who prefer to keep their style one step ahead. The radiant cut’s emergence on trend radars can be credited to its idiosyncratic look with “uniqueness” being one of the biggest engagement ring trends for 2023. Over the last year, we’ve noticed that Jean Dousset clients have fallen head over heels for radiant cuts now more than ever, while fashion experts have also noticed an uptick in the cut’s popularity. Fast forward to today, and the radiant cut is beloved for its one-of-a-kind construction, which represents a balance of two beloved characteristics-the classic spirit and rectangular shape of emerald cuts and the “crushed-ice” sparkle of brilliant cuts.Īt Jean Dousset, we’ve especially noticed that the radiant shape is a perfect match for clients who want something that’s not only both chic and modern, but also unique. It also features a mix of step cut facets on the crown (the part of a ring’s setting that holds a center stone, including the prongs) and brilliant cut facets on the pavilion (the “bottom half” area of a diamond that reflects light back through the crown, contributing to its sparkle). In 1977, inventor and Austrian diamond cutter Henry Grossbard was the first person to patent the radiant cut style, which is defined by its eight-sided outline, square or rectangular shape, and cut corners. Rather uniquely, radiant cut diamonds have a pretty contemporary history, only extending back 45 years ago. Unlike other diamond shapes, like pear or oval cuts, radiant cuts might be hard to imagine based on their name alone. If this sounds like you, this article is all about a diamond shape that could be perfect for you: the radiant cut. You might be the type who’s hunting for a diamond cut that embodies a little bit of everything: a cut with contemporary elegance but isn’t as “on the radar” as trendier styles a shape that pays homage to tried-and-true aesthetics but still speaks to your one-of-a-kind personality. Do you turn to celebs and your favorite influencers to keep up with what’s in right now? Then chances are you’ve fallen in love with the super trendy, celeb-coveted oval cut shape.īut not everyone describes their style preferences as all traditional or all trendy. If your aesthetic is classic, round brilliant or emerald cuts are probably your thing. These days, newlyweds-to-be have more options than ever when shopping for the engagement ring of their dreams. ![]() There’s something for everyone, and this is especially true when choosing your diamond cut. ![]() Location of the Battle of Cimarron in 1889.īetween U.S. Two-story yellow/buff-brick courthouse built in 1907. The numbers of NRHP listings in each county are documented by tables in each of the individual county list-articles.Ĭhase County Courthouse Fort Scott National Historic Site Grinter Place Mennonite Settler Statueĭoniphan County Courthouse Square Historic District St. Also, the counts in this table exclude boundary increase and decrease listings which modify the area covered by an existing property or district and which carry a separate National Register reference number. New entries are added to the official Register on a weekly basis. There are frequent additions to the listings and occasional delistings and the counts here are approximate and not official. These counts are based on entries in the National Register Information Database as of Ap and new weekly listings posted since then on the National Register of Historic Places website since that time. The following are approximate tallies of current listings by county. This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 15, 2023. NRHP listings appear in 101 of the state's 105 counties.Ĭontents: Counties in Kansas (links in italic lead to a new page)Īllen - Anderson - Atchison - Barber - Barton - Bourbon - Brown - Butler - Chase - Chautauqua - Cherokee - Cheyenne - Clark - Clay - Cloud - Coffey - Comanche - Cowley - Crawford - Decatur - Dickinson - Doniphan - Douglas - Edwards - Elk - Ellis - Ellsworth - Finney - Ford - Franklin - Geary - Gove - Graham - Grant - Gray - Greeley - Greenwood - Hamilton - Harper - Harvey - Haskell - Hodgeman - Jackson - Jefferson - Jewell - Johnson - Kearny - Kingman - Kiowa - Labette - Lane - Leavenworth - Lincoln - Linn - Logan - Lyon - Marion - Marshall - McPherson - Meade - Miami - Mitchell - Montgomery - Morris - Morton - Nemaha - Neosho - Ness - Norton - Osage - Osborne - Ottawa - Pawnee - Phillips - Pottawatomie - Pratt - Rawlins - Reno - Republic - Rice - Riley - Rooks - Rush - Russell - Saline - Scott - Sedgwick - Seward - Shawnee - Sheridan - Sherman - Smith - Stafford - Stanton - Stevens - Sumner - Thomas - Trego - Wabaunsee - Wallace - Washington - Wichita - Wilson - Woodson - Wyandotte There are over 1,400 buildings, sites, districts, and objects in Kansas listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas. ![]() It will come to Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S, and PC via Steam, including a Steam Deluxe Edition, on March 28th. SIFU is available now on PC via Epic Games Store, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and Nintendo Switch. Compare Sifu prices before buying online. See full specifications, expert reviews, user ratings, and more. Sifus looking for a twist on the game’s impactful combat can also try the new Capture mode - where players must take and hold a marked area - or Manhunt mode, where a specific target surrounded by protectors must be taken down. Check Sifu best price as on 13th September 2023. With Time Attack, players can also battle against the clock on a path filled with enemies. Masters of Kung Fu will be pushed to their limits as waves of enemies crash upon them in Survival mode, or pushed to perfection in Performance mode. With nine new locations and 45 merciless challenges spread over five game modes, the Arenas Expansion is packing up to 10 extra hours of gameplay into the already demanding title. Sifu releases digitally on February 8, 2022, and physically on May 3, 2022, for PC, PS4, and PS5.After announcing an upcoming release onto the Xbox family consoles and a free new game mode for all players, Sloclap and Microids have announced the release date for them! SIFU will be heading to Xbox and PC via Steam on March 28th, alongside the free Arenas Mode expansion for all available platforms. Either way, the editions available for Sifu offer incentives for all players and make momentous occasions out of both its digital and physical launches. Additionally, the developers have also shared details about the combat system used in the game. The New Sifu release date is February 8, 2022. But for other fans this may provide an ultimatum toward whether they would prefer to wait until the physical edition releases to play it so that they do not need to purchase Sifu twice. Through a tweet from the official Twitter account on November 18, 2021, Sifu developer SloClap has announced that the game will be released two weeks prior to the previous release date. Of course, some fans may not have an issue buying both copies and having the physical edition be a collector's copy solely, especially if they want to celebrate their anticipation for Sifu. While three months may not be a remarkably long time in retrospect, it still means that fans who wish to play it when it first releases next week will have to purchase two copies of the game if they also want the physical edition. If players wish to pre-order the Vengeance Edition, they will then have to wait three months until it is available on May 3. The physical edition's release date has also been revealed, and it may not be as soon as some fans may have hoped for. It will be available for both PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 consoles. To accompany the news, Sloclap has released a new trailer. Now, Sifu will launch on February 8 in a rare move that sees it coming earlier than expected. After it was delayed to 2022, we learned that its release date was February 22. Rather, there is one potential downside to Sifu's physical release. Sifu will be released on Tuesday 8 January 2022. Sifu, the upcoming Kung Fu action game from developer Sloclap, has moved its release date by exactly two weeks. ![]() The benefits of a physical edition are more commercial than functional, but they may entice anyone who wishes to secure a collector's copy for Sifu. Sifu's exclusively digital Deluxe Edition for PS4 and PS5, for comparison, only offers the digital soundtrack as well as a digital art book. Included in the Vengeance Edition is Sifu's digital soundtrack, 3 lithographs, a 48-page "The Art of Sifu" art book, and a sleek steelbook with variant jacket cover artwork. Sifu's anticipated physical edition is dubbed the "Vengeance Edition" and offers content comparable to a collector's edition. Sloclap shared in a new YouTube video that Sifu’s new release date will be February 8, 2022. RELATED: PlayStation Exclusive Martial Arts Game Sifu Gets Action-Packed Live-Action Trailer Following a delay announced at Sony’s State of Play presentation this past July, kung-fu fighting game Sifu now has a 2022 release date. Sifu will now be released in the early days of next February. Those questions have recently been answered, with all of its content detailed in a common graphic for fans to peruse and inform their decision to purchase it or not. ![]() Meanwhile, the announcement that a physical release for Sifu was somewhere down the pipeline, and beckoned the question of what it would entail besides a hard disc copy. With two different digital editions that fans can select from for Sifu on PS4 and PS5, it had previously seemed as if the options for which to buy it were binary and decided upon. After a slow burn of gradual gameplay demonstrations and hands-on previews that were doled out, Sloclap's martial-arts epic Sifu finally releases next week. ![]() Going from 60 to 200 greatly increases what u can add down the line assuming ur main is not loaded to high. (This information is based on the 2020 National Electrical Code Book.)Ī lot of these guys r either half right or all wrong. A ground wire from the Main Panel to the Sub Panel may be used instead If the Sub Panel is in the same building as the Main Panel, then a grounding rod isn't required. If there is no second ground source available for the sub-panel, then a ground wire may be run from the Main Panel to the Sub Panel and used as a second source of grounding. Sub Panel requires the same configuration as Main Panel, with the exception of one thing: in a sub-panel the neutral bar is NOT grounded it is to be attached to the sub-panel case with spacers to prevent grounding. The second source can be metal water line, metal conduit, metal well head, etc. Electrician is also to wire in a second ground source, in case the main ground line gets cut. The ground wire is to be connected to the ground bar, the neutral bar and the case of the service panel. Electrician adds a ground wire, which is connected to a grounding source, such as a ground rod. Main Panel has two hot wires and a neutral wire supplied from the meter. All vary based upon the panel's opinion, but as long as the wiring safely gets the job done, then that's all that counts. There's National Code, State Code and Local Code. ![]() By the way, the reason we require wired ground and ground rods (for outbuildings) is that 25 ohms isn't nearly good enough. Otherwise you need 2, however they can both be off the main panel. You only need 1 ground rod if it passes the magic 25-ohm test. The fact that the route is outside is irrelevant. You do not need a separate ground rod for this subpanel since it's in the same building. I maintain four buildings, all in metal conduit, and there's not a ground wire in any of them. However that does not explain the lack of ground wires on the ground bar in the subpanel, unless all branch circuits are also in metal conduit. However, if the conduit is made of metal, that actually is a perfectly allowable grounding path, and that means you are grounded. The good news is that ground wires can be retrofitted, as of NEC 2014 (and a bit earlier for some applications). ![]() It's possible the relationship between electrician and inspector has gotten corrupt, and the inspector and electrician have convinced each other that this is OK. Your subpanel required a 4-wire feed, with separate ground wire, unless you have a local ordinance that makes an exception. Is he correct? I've read that ground and neutral bars should not be bonded in a subpanel, but in this case there isn't even a ground wire - neutral and ground share the same wire. When I asked the electrician about this after the fact, he said that the neutral wire also serves as the ground, and that it is ok to do this in a subpanel. ![]() There is a ground bar installed in the panel, but no wires connect to it. There are only 3 conductors between the main and sub. Only one ground rod was driven for the 200A panel. The new 60A subpanel in the master suite is fed by wires in a buried conduit run through the backyard from the garage. The majority of circuits enter the house through a covered breezeway between the garage and house. The main panel is in an separate-attached garage. I'm just now noticing some things about the work that I'm not so sure about. All work passed city inspection, for whatever that's worth. I recently had my main service professionally upgraded to 200A and had a 60A subpanel installed in my master suite to support future additions. |
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